This is an unofficial snapshot of the ISO/IEC JTC1 SC22 WG21 Core Issues List revision 115e. See http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/ for the official list.

2024-11-11

456. Is initialized const int or const bool variable a null pointer constant?

In the following code, I expect both "null" and "FALSE" to be null pointer constants -- and that the code should compile and output the string "int*" twice to cout:

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

void foo(int* p)
{
     cout << "int*" << endl;
}

int main(void)
{
     const int null = 0;
     foo(null);
     const bool FALSE = false;
     foo(FALSE);
}

ISO/IEC 14882-1998 7.3.12 [conv.ptr] states:

An integral constant expression rvalue of integer type that evaluates to zero (called a /null pointer constant/) can be converted to a pointer type.

Stroustrup appears to agree with me -- he states (3rd edition page 88):

In C, it has been popular to define a macro NULL to represent the zero pointer. Because of C++`s tighter type checking, the use of plain 0, rather than any suggested NULL macro, leads to fewer problems. If you feel you must define NULL, use:

   const int NULL = 0;

However gcc 3.3.1 rejects this code with the errors:

     bug.cc:17: error: invalid conversion from `int' to `int*'
     bug.cc:19: error: cannot convert `const bool' to `int*' for argument `1' to `
         void foo(int*)'

I have reported this as a bug (http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=13867), but the gcc team states that 4.10 requires that a null pointer constant must be an rvalue -- and no implicit conversion from an lvalue to an rvalue is required (http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=396):

a null pointer constant is an integral constant expression rvalue that evaluates to zero [4.10/1] in this case `null' is an lvalue. The standard does not specify that lvalue->rvalue decay happens here, so `null' is not a null pointer constant.

I disagree with the gcc teams interpretation -- I don't see why 7.2.1 [basic.lval] doesn't apply:

Whenever an lvalue appears in a context where an rvalue is expected, the lvalue is converted to an rvalue;

The insertion of the word rvalue appears to have occurred during standardization -- it is not present in either Stroustrup 2nd edition or the 3rd edition. Does the committee deliberately intend to exclude an lvalue as a null pointer constant by adding the word rvalue? If so, it leads to the rather bizarre fact that "null" is not a null pointer constant, but "null + 0" is!

Notes from the March 2004 meeting:

We think this is just a bug in gcc. The const variable does get converted to an rvalue in this context. This case is not really any different than cases like

  const int null = 0;
  int i = null;

  const int i = 1;
  int a[i];