This is an unofficial snapshot of the ISO/IEC JTC1 SC22 WG21 Core Issues List revision 115e. See http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/ for the official list.

2024-11-11

2355. Deducing noexcept-specifiers

[Accepted at the July, 2022 meeting.]

The list of deducible forms in 13.10.3.6 [temp.deduct.type] paragraph 8 does not include the ability to deduce the value of the constant in a noexcept-specifier, although implementations appear to allow it.

Notes from the April, 2018 teleconference:

Although this appears to be an obvious omission, CWG felt that EWG should weigh in on whether this capability should be supported or not.

EWG guidance (January, 2021):

Modify the Standard such that the value of a constant in a noexcept-specifier can be deduced. See vote.

Proposed resolution (June, 2022):

1. Change 13.10.3.6 [temp.deduct.type] paragraph 3 as follows:

A given type P can be composed from a number of other types, templates, and non-type values:

• A function type includes the types of each of the function parameters and, the return type, and its exception specification.

• ...

2. Add the following to Example 3 in 13.10.3.6 [temp.deduct.type] paragraph 7:

Here is an example where two template arguments are deduced from a single function parameter/argument pair...

Here is an example where the exception specification of a function type is deduced:

  template <bool E> void f1(void (*)() noexcept(E));
  template<bool> struct A { };
  template<bool B> void f2(void (*)(A<B>) noexcept(B));

  void g1();
  void g2() noexcept;
  void g3(A<true>);

  void h() {
    f1(g1);    // OK: E is false
    f1(g2);    // OK: E is true
    f2(g3);    // error: B deduced as both true and false
  }

Here is an example where a qualification conversion applies...

3. Change 13.10.3.6 [temp.deduct.type] paragraph 8 as follows:

A template type argument T, a template template argument TT, or a template non-type argument i can be deduced if P and A have one of the following forms:

T
cv_opt T
T*
T&
T&&
T_opt[integer-constant i_opt]
template-name<T> (where template-name refers to a class template)
type(T)
T()
T_opt(T_opt) noexcept(i_opt)
T type::*
type T::*
T_opt T_opt::*
T (type::*)()
type (T::*)()
type (type::*)(T)
type (T::*)(T)
T (type::*)(T)
T (T::*)()
T (T::*)(T)
type[i]
template-name<i> (where template-name refers to a class template)
TT_opt<T>
TT_opt<i>
TT_opt<TT>
TT_opt<>


where (T) represents a parameter-type-list (9.3.4.6 [dcl.fct]) where at least one parameter type contains a T, and () represents a parameter-type-list where no parameter type contains a T.

• T_opt represents a type or parameter-type-list that either satisfies these rules recursively, is a non-deduced context in P or A, or is the same non-dependent type in P and A,

• TT_opt represents either a class template or a template template parameter,

• i_opt represents an expression that either is an i, is value-dependent in P or A, or has the same constant value in P and A, and

• noexcept(i_opt) represents an exception specification (14.5 [except.spec]) in which the (possibly-implicit, see 9.3.4.6 [dcl.fct]) noexcept-specifier's operand satisfies the rules for an i_opt above.

[Note: If a type matches such a form but contains no Ts, is, or TTs, deduction is not possible. —end note]

Similarly, <T> represents template argument lists where at least one argument contains a T, <i> represents template argument lists where at least one argument contains an i and <> represents template argument lists where no argument contains a T or an i.

4. Add the following as a new paragraph following 13.10.3.6 [temp.deduct.type] paragraph 14:

The type of N in the type T[N] is std::size_t. [Example 9: ... —end example]

The type of B in the noexcept-specifier noexcept(B) of a function type is bool.
[Example:

  template<bool> struct A { };
  template<auto> struct B;
  template<auto X, void (*F)() noexcept(X)> struct B<F> {
    A<X> ax;
  };
  void f_nothrow() noexcept;
  B<f_nothrow> bn;   // OK: type of X deduced as bool

—end example]

5. Change 13.10.3.6 [temp.deduct.type] paragraph 19 as follows:

If P has a form that contains <i>, and if the type of i differs from the type of the corresponding template parameter of the template named by the enclosing simple-template-id, deduction fails. If P has a form that contains [i], and if the type of i is not an integral type, deduction fails.¹³¹ If P has a form that includes noexcept(i) and the type of i is not bool, deduction fails.
[Example 12: ...

6. Add the following as a new section preceding C.2.7 [diff.cpp20.library]:

C.1.4 Clause 13: templates

[diff.cpp20.temp]

Affected subclause: 13.10.3.6 [temp.deduct.type]
Change: Deducing template arguments from exception specifications.
Rationale: Facilitate generic handling of throwing and non-throwing functions.
Effect on original feature: Valid ISO C++20 code may be ill-formed in this revision of C++.


[Example 1:

   template<bool> struct A { };
   template<bool B> void f(void (*)(A<B>) noexcept(B));
   void g(A<false>) noexcept;
   void h() {
     f(g);    // ill-formed; previously well-formed.
   }

—end example]